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\n<\/p>\n\u00c7anakkale Muharebeleri konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan emekli Albay \u015eaban Murat Armutak, H\u0130BYA muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri muharebelerde kullan\u0131lan yan\u0131c\u0131 ya da patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddeleri, y\u00fcksek bir mermi yoluyla f\u0131rlatabilen \u00f6zel bir top t\u00fcr\u00fc olan havan\u0131n, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan, siper sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde muharebenin en \u00f6nemli silahlar\u0131ndan biri haline geldi\u011fine i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n
Havan\u0131n, piyadeyi desteklemek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan ve hedefe y\u00fcksek bir yay \u00e7izerek mermi atabilen k\u0131sa menzilli bir silah oldu\u011funu an\u0131msatan Armutak, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, modas\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f kabul edilmekle birlikte, baz\u0131 ordular\u0131n sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131ktan bir s\u00fcre sonra havan\u0131n, siperlerin arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fman askerini vurmak i\u00e7in ideal bir silah oldu\u011funu fark etti\u011fini, Almanya, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere’nin ba\u015fta gelen havan \u00fcreticileri oldu\u011funu ve de\u011fi\u015fik tasar\u0131ml\u0131 havan toplar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcttefiklerine satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\n<\/p>\n
Kerevizdere Muharebeleri’nde bol miktarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131<\/p>\n
Armutak, siper havan\u0131n\u0131n, \u00c7anakkale Muharebeleri’nde daha \u00e7ok Frans\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0130ngilizlerin ise sava\u015f\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru Japonya’dan getirtilen siper havanlar\u0131ndan faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Kerevizdere Muharebeleri’nde T\u00fcrk direni\u015fini k\u0131rmak, mevzi i\u00e7indeki askeri etkisiz hale getirmek i\u00e7in bol miktarda havan mermisi f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.<\/p>\n
Kurmay Binba\u015f\u0131 Kadri Ener’in, ”\u00c7anakkale’den Hat\u0131ralar” adl\u0131 eserinde, ”kara kedi” konusuna de\u011findi\u011fini belirten Armutak, Ener’in \u015funlar\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131:<\/p>\n
”Yak\u0131n siper muharebelerinden la\u011f\u0131m patlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde has\u0131l olan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ukuru, iki Frans\u0131z subay\u0131n\u0131n idare etti\u011fi ve Senegalli zenciden sureti mahsusada yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015f 40-50 ki\u015filik bir muharebe grubuyla i\u015fgal ettiler. Kahraman 55. Alay’\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcng\u00fc h\u00fccumuyla, gelenlerin k\u0131sm\u0131 azam\u0131 imha edildi. Sona kalanlar\u0131 esir al\u0131nd\u0131. Fakat Frans\u0131zlar b\u00fct\u00fcn bu alay\u0131n siperlerini, askerlerimizin ‘kara kedi’ ismini verdi\u011fi, kara torpilleriyle bombard\u0131man ettiler. Yaral\u0131 olarak elimize d\u00fc\u015fen bir Frans\u0131z subay\u0131, havadan tepemize do\u011fru inen kara torpillerini g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e bunlar\u0131 icat eden Frans\u0131z m\u00fchendisini lanetle yad ediyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde canl\u0131 adam b\u0131rakm\u0131yordu.”<\/p>\n
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\n<\/p>\n
”Kara kedi” korkun\u00e7 etki b\u0131rakt\u0131<\/p>\n
Emekli Albay \u015eaban Murat Armutak, ”kara kedi”nin, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Duchene-Dumezil sistemiyle yap\u0131lan, Crapouillaut (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kurba\u011fa) olarak and\u0131\u011f\u0131, 58 milimetrelik siper havan\u0131n mermisi oldu\u011funu ifade ederek, ”Bu havanlar\u0131n\u0131n att\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck mermiler, \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 ses ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 tahribatla maddi ve manevi bak\u0131mdan korkun\u00e7 etki yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrk resmi tarihinde 83 rak\u0131ml\u0131 tepe, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n 3. Kerevizdere Muharebesi’nin (21-22 Haziran 1915) planlamas\u0131nda, 650 yarda (91.44 santime e\u015fit uzunluk birimi) geni\u015fli\u011findeki taarruz cephesiyle sald\u0131racakt\u0131.
Bu taarruzu himaye i\u00e7in, yedi batarya 75 milimetrelik sahra, iki batarya 55 milimetrelik ob\u00fcs, 16 siper havan\u0131 ve 7 Britanya ob\u00fcs topu kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, taarruz cephesinin her 10 yardas\u0131na bir top d\u00fc\u015fmekteydi.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/e05291121e2f4dbe58ad94f67d245b8d_3.jpg\")
\n<\/p>\n
Bu taarruzda Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n 650 yarda geni\u015fli\u011findeki taarruz cephesinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mermi miktar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131n\u0131n 32 bin 50, bunun i\u00e7inde siper havan\u0131 mermisi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise 700 oldu\u011funun anlatan Armutak, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n
”Bu bombard\u0131man sonucu T\u00fcrklerin birinci hat siperleri tamaml\u0131yla d\u00fcmd\u00fcz olmu\u015f, canl\u0131 kimse kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Top\u00e7u ate\u015fi ileri kayd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, Frans\u0131zlar ilerlemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131sa zamanda az zayiatla T\u00fcrklerin ikinci hat siperlerine, Le Haricot (Fasulye) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri b\u00f6lgeye kadar ilerlemi\u015flerdi. T\u00fcrk birinci hat siperlerindeki tahribat o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc ki buray\u0131 i\u015fgal eden Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 bile saklayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrklerin ikinci hat siperlerinden gelen ate\u015fleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zayiat vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, sonunda T\u00fcrk mevzilerinde tutunamay\u0131p, eski hatt\u0131na geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ki g\u00fcn devam eden muharebelerin sonucunda Haricot mevzileri Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n elinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.”<\/p>\n
Armutak, Koleksiyoner U\u011fural Vanthoft’un, ”Japonlar, \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 \u0130stanbul’dan Casuslar\u0131yla \u0130zliyordu” isimli makalesinde, \u0130ngilizlerin, ”Frans\u0131z kara kedileri”nin siper sava\u015f\u0131ndaki etkisini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, ona benzer \u015f\u00f6hretiyle tan\u0131nan siper havanlar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n alma iste\u011fini Japonya’ya iletti\u011fini, ancak d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ate\u015fe bo\u011fan bu sava\u015fa o g\u00fcnlerde pek bula\u015fmak istemeyen Japonya’n\u0131n \u00c7anakkale’ye Osaka fabrikalar\u0131nda \u00fcretilen 75 milimetre hafif siper havanlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok az say\u0131da yollayabildi\u011fini, bunlardan \u00e7\u0131kan kullan\u0131m talimatlar\u0131n\u0131n Japonca oldu\u011fundan bir s\u00fcre at\u0131l kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Anzak’lar taraf\u0131ndan ”Capaniz” (Japanese) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu havanlardan 4 tanesinin, \u00f6zellikle taarruz \u00f6ncesi siperlerde bekleyen T\u00fcrk askerini yerlerinden etmek maksad\u0131yla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.<\/p>\n
Askeri en \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z eden mermi, ”kara kediler” oldu<\/p>\n
\u00c7anakkale Cephesi’nde 42. Alay Komutan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev alan Ahmet Diriker’in, ”42. Alay Gelibolu 1915” adl\u0131 eserinde, T\u00fcrk resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ”torpil veya kara torpili” olarak ge\u00e7en ”kara kediler”in siperin i\u00e7indeki askeri en \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z eden mermi oldu\u011fundan, daima dikkat edilmesi gerekti\u011fi bilgisini verdi\u011fini dile getiren Armutak, Diriker’in, ”T\u00fcrk top\u00e7usu bu silah\u0131n yerini kestirip, ate\u015f alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 25 Ekim’de Frans\u0131zlar di\u011fer g\u00fcnlere g\u00f6re daha fazla top, torpil ve bomba kullanm\u0131\u015f, 720 top, 52 torpil, 24 misketli bomba ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da el bombas\u0131 atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Torpillerden biri s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011fa, ikisi de barut ve cephanelerin bulundu\u011fu mahallere isabet etmi\u015f, 4 asker \u015fehit, 11 asker yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.” ifadesini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Armutak, 42. Alay Komutan\u0131 Binba\u015f\u0131 Ahmet Nuri Bey’in, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcmen komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yaz\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, siper havanlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yeri tahmini olarak bildirerek, top\u00e7ular\u0131n ate\u015f alt\u0131na almas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fini bildirdi.<\/p>\n
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\n<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n hesaps\u0131z mermi harcamas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk komuta kademeleri aras\u0131ndaki raporlarda da s\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fine i\u015faret eden Armutak, G\u00fcney Grubu’nun sol taraf\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n taarruzunu kar\u015f\u0131layan 12. T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131 Yarbay Selahattin Adil Bey’in, 8 Haziran’da G\u00fcney Grup Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n muharebe y\u00f6ntemini rapor ederken, Frans\u0131zlardan \u015f\u00f6yle bahsetti\u011fini aktard\u0131:<\/p>\n
”Taarruzlar\u0131n\u0131 evvela g\u00fczelce haz\u0131rlarlar. Taarruza ba\u015flamadan birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce top\u00e7usu siper ve gerilerimizi ate\u015f alt\u0131na alarak mesafelerini saptarlar. Taarruz g\u00fcn\u00fc karadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn top\u00e7usuyla avc\u0131 siperlerimizi ve gerideki direnek ve ihtiyat mevzilerimizi \u015fiddetli ate\u015f alt\u0131na alarak y\u0131kma ve kay\u0131p verdirmeye son derecede \u00e7abalar. Bunu elde etmek i\u00e7in cephaneyi bolcas\u0131na harcarlar. Top\u00e7usunun s\u00fcratli ate\u015f a\u00e7mas\u0131, ate\u015f toplamas\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fclmeye de\u011fer.”<\/p>\n
Armutak, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n taarruz \u00f6ncesi bu kadar \u00e7ok mermi harcamas\u0131 sonucunda ”art\u0131k T\u00fcrk mevzilerinde canl\u0131 kimse kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri harekatta daima hedeflerine varamadan durduruldu\u011funu, T\u00fcrk komutanlar\u0131n da bazen ak\u0131l s\u0131r erdiremedikleri hadiseler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tam ”cephe \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc” denildi\u011fi s\u0131rada Mehmet\u00e7i\u011fin birden co\u015fup, inan\u0131lmaz bir cesaret ve at\u0131lganl\u0131kla d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131na sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclen olaylar aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n
<\/strong> Mehmet Bayer, 13 Mart (Hibya) – \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, siperden sipere mermi f\u0131rlatan havanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 sinir bozcu ses ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahribat nedeniyle, T\u00fcrk askeri taraf\u0131ndan ”kara kedi” olarak tan\u0131mlanan bombalar Mehmet\u00e7iklere a\u011f\u0131r zayiat verdirdi, b\u00fcy\u00fck tahribat yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAow07ekDA:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60850"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60850\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomigundemi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nEKONOM\u0130 GAZETES\u0130 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"